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Most PDF trouble that looks like a formatting bug is actually a page-size mismatch. Here are the numbers and the consequences.
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A4 — 210 × 297 mm (595 × 842 pt). The standard almost everywhere except North America.
US Letter — 8.5 × 11 in (612 × 792 pt). Standard in the US and Canada.
US Legal — 8.5 × 14 in (612 × 1008 pt). Long forms and legal filings in the US.
A5 — 148 × 210 mm, half of A4. Booklets and receipts.
A PDF can legally contain pages of different sizes — and then printing goes wrong: some pages scale, some crop, some come out on the wrong tray.
When you merge documents with different page sizes, the result inherits the mismatch. Resize after merging if the output must be uniform.
Scaling to fit preserves proportions but adds margins on the short side. It never stretches, because stretching text looks wrong immediately.
If the original is A4 and the target is Letter (slightly wider, slightly shorter), the difference is under 5% — barely noticeable. Going from A4 to Legal leaves visible white bands.
Cropping is the opposite operation: it hides content outside a rectangle without scaling anything. Use it for margins and borders, not for changing paper size.
Indirectly. A larger page at the same DPI holds more pixels, so the images are bigger.
Yes — choose "fit to page" in your print dialog. The scale difference is small enough that it usually looks fine.
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